Article
  • Thermotropic and Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Behavior of N,O-Hydroxypropyl Chitosans
  • Kim H, Jung SY, Ma YD
  • N,O-히드록시프로필 키토산들의 열방성과 유방성 액정 거동
  • 김효갑, 정승용, 마영대
Abstract
Four kinds of N,O-hydroxypropyl chitosans (HPCTOs) with degree of substitution(DS) and molar substitution (MS) ranging from 2.47 to 2.52 and 4.9 to 7.8, respectively were synthesized, and their molecular chracteristics and thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline properties were investigated. MS was exceedingly larger than DS, showing that in the later stages of reaction, propylene oxide was preferentially added to the side chains rather than the main chain. All the derivatives formed thermotropic cholesteric phases. The glass and clearing temperatures were decreased with increasing MS. The optical pitches (λm's) of the thermotropic cholesteric phases increased with temperature. However, the λm's of the derivatives at the same temperature increased with increasing MS. Solutions of HPCTOs in water, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, and formic acid containing more than 30 wt% polymer also formed cholesteic phases whose λm's decreased exponentially with increasing polymer concentration. The concentration dependence of λm of HPCTO solutions, however, highly depended on the nature of the solvent and MS. The thermotropic and lyotropic mesophase properties of HPCTOs were significantly different from those reported for hydroxypropyl celluloses. The results indicate that the secondary amino group in the C-2 position plays an important role on the formation, stabilization, and temperature and concentration dependencies of λm of the cholesteric mesophase.

치환도(DS) 그리고 몰치환도(MS)가 각각 2.47~2.52 그리고 4.9~7.8 범위에 있는 4 종류의 N,O-히드록시프로필 키토산들(HPCTOs)을 합성함과 동시에 이들의 분자특성과 열방성 및 유방성 특성을 검토하였다. MS는 DS에 비해 대단히 큰 경향을 나타냈다. 이러한 사실은 반응이 진행됨에 따라 프로필렌 옥사이드는 주사슬보다 곁사슬들에 우선적으로 부가됨을 시사한다. 모든 유도체들은 열방성 콜레스테릭 상들을 형성하였다. 유리 그리고 액정 상에서 액체 상으로의 전이 온도들은 MS가 증가함에 따라 낮아졌다. 열방성 콜레스테릭 상들의 광학피치들(λm's)은 온도가 상승함에 따라 증가하였다. 그러나 유도체들이 동일한 온도에서 나타내는 λm들은 MS가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 고분자의 농도가 30 wt% 이상인 HPCTO들의 물, 메탄올, 에탄올, 아세트산 그리고 포름산 용액들도 고분자의 농도가 증가함에 따라 λm이 지수 함수적으로 감소하는 콜레스테릭 상들을 형성하였다. 그러나 HPCTO 용액들의 λm의 농도의존성은 용매의 성질과 MS에 민감하게 의존하였다. HPCTO들의 열방성과 유방성 액정 상의 특성들은 히드록시프로필 셀룰로오스들에 대해 보고된 결과들에 비해 현저히 달랐다. 이러한 결과들은 C-2 위치에 존재하는 2차 아미노기가 콜레스테릭 상의 형성능, 안정성 그리고 λm의 온도와 농도의존성에 중요한 역할을 함을 시사한다.

Keywords: N,O-hydroxypropyl chitosan; degree of substitution; molar substitution; thermotropic and lyotropic cholesteric phases; temperature and concentration dependencies of optical pitch.

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This Article

  • 2012; 36(3): 380-392

    Published online May 25, 2012

  • Received on Feb 6, 2012
  • Accepted on Mar 23, 2012