Article
  • Blends of Natural Rubber and Butadiene Rubber-Distribution Quantification of Carbon Black Filler
  • Vaishak Nambiathodi , Siby Varghese, and Neethu Varghese

  • Technical Consultancy Division, Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam, Kerala-686009, India

  • 천연고무와 부타디엔 고무의 혼합-카본블랙 충전제의 분포 정량화
  • Reproduction, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of any part of this publication is permitted only by written permission from the Polymer Society of Korea.

References
  • 1. Thielen, G. Hydroxy and Nitrile Modified Emulsion SBR’s in Silica Compounds. Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst.2008, 61, 377-382.
  •  
  • 2. Hai Le, H.; Tiwari, M.; Ilisch, S.; Radusch, H. J. Effect of Molecular Structure on Carbon Black Dispersion in Rubber Compounds - Characterization Using the Online Measured Electrical Conductivity. Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst.2005, 58, 575-580.
  •  
  • 3. Fouche, P. M.; McGill, W. J. The Effect of the Distribution of Crosslink Densities and Carbon Black Between Phases on Physical Properties of Polyisoprene/polybutadiene Blends. Plast. Rubber Compos. Process. Appl. 1992, 18, 317-321.
  •  
  • 4. Supova, M.; Martynkova, G. S.; Barabaszova, K. C. Effect of Nanofillers Dispersion in Polymer Matrices: A Review. Sci. Adv. Mater. 2011, 3, 1-25.
  •  
  • 5. Le, H. H.; Ilisch, S.; Kasaliwal, G. R.; Radusch, H. J. Filler Phase Distribution in Rubber Blends Characterized by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis of the Rubber-Filler Gel. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2008, 81, 767-781.
  •  
  • 6. Le, H. H.; Qamer, Z.; Ilisch, S.; Radusch, H. J. Carbon Black Distribution in the Components of Rubber Blends Monitored by Online Measured Electrical Conductance. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2006, 79, 621-630.
  •  
  • 7. Sirisinha, C.; Prayoonchatphan, N. Study of carBon Black Distribution in BR/NBR Blends Based on Damping Properties: Influences of Carbon Black Particle Size, Filler, and Rubber Polarity. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001, 81, 3198-3203.
  •  
  • 8. Callan, J. E.; Hess, W. E.; Scott, C. E. Elastomer Blends, Compatibility and Relative Response to Fillers. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1971, 44, 814-837.
  •  
  • 9. Hess, W. M.; Chirico, V. E. Elastomer Blend Properties-Influence of Carbon Black Type and Location. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1977, 50, 301-326.
  •  
  • 10. Hess, W. M.; Swor, R. A.; Micek, E. J. The Influence of Carbon Black, Mixing, and Compounding Variables on Dispersion. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1984, 57, 959-1000.
  •  
  • 11. Walter, M. H.; Keyte, D. N. Heterogeneous Structure in Blends of Rubber Polymers. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1965, 38, 62-75.
  •  
  • 12. Jeon, I. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, S. G. Characterization of Rubber Micro-Morphology by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Rubber Chem. Technol. 2003, 76, 1-11.
  •  
  • 13. Galuska, A. A.; Poulter, R. R.; McElrath, K. O. Force Modulation Afm of Elastomer Blends: Morphology, Fillers and Crosslinking. Surf. Interface Anal. 1997, 25, 418-429.
  •  
  • 14. Portal, J.; Carrot, C.; Majeste, J. C.; Cocard, S.; Pellisier, V.; Bertrand, I. A. Quantification of the Distribution of Carbon Black in Natural Rubber/Polybutadiene Blends by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2009, 49, 1544-1542.
  •  
  • 15. Li, Y.; Wang, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang,Y. Crystallization Behavior of Carbon Black‐filled Polypropylene and Polypropylene/epoxy Composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 102, 104-118.
  •  
  • 16. Mucha, M.; Marszalek, J.; Fidrych, A. Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropelene Containing Carbon Black as a Filler. Polymer 2000, 41, 4137-4142.
  •  
  • 17. Das, A.; Costa, F. R.; Wagenknecht, U.; Heinrich, G. Nano- composites Based on Chloroprene Rubber: Effect of Chemical Nature and Organic Modification of Nano Clay on the Vulcanisate Properties. Eur. Polym. J. 2008, 44, 3456-3465.
  •  
  • 18. Maiti, S.; De, S. K.; Bhowmick, A. K. Quantitative Estimation of Filler Distribution in Immiscible Rubber Blends by Mechanical Damping Studies. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1992, 65, 293-302.
  •  
  • 19. Kluppel, M.; Schuster, R. H.; Schapper J. Carbon Black Distribution in Rubber Blends: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1999, 72, 91-108.
  •  
  • 20. Kluppel, M.; Schuster, R. H.; Heinrich, G. Carbon Black Distribution in Rubber Blends: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1997, 70, 243-255.
  •  
  • 21. Wang, M. J.; Morris, M. D.; Kutsovsky, Y. Effect of Fumed Silica Surface Area on Silicone Rubber Reinforcement. Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 2008, 61, 107-117.
  •  
  • 22. Das, D.; Satapathy, B. K. Microstructure-Rheological Per Location Mechanical Properties Correlation of Melt-processed Polypropylene-multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nano Composites: Influence of Matrix Tacticity Combination. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2014, 147, 127-140.
  •  
  • 23. Schonhorn, H. Extrapolation of the Critical Temperature of n‐hydrocarbons Application to Polymers. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1966, 93, 262-267.
  •  
  • 24. Mural, P. S.; Madras, G.; Bose, S. Positive Temperature Coefficient and Structural Relaxations in Selectively Localized MWNTs in PE/PEO Blends. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 4943-4954.
  •  
  • 25. Sumita, M.; Sakata, K.; Asai, S.; Miyasaka, K.; Nakagawa, H. Dispersion of Fillers and the Electrical Conductivity of Polymer Blends Filled with Carbon Black. Polym. Bulletin 1991, 25, 265-271.
  •  
  • 26. Stickney, P. B.; Mueller, W. J. Influence of Carbon Black on Swelling Rate of Polymer in Filled Vulcanizates. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1969, 42, 604-612.
  •  
  • 27. Lee, B. L. Progress in Multiphase Rubber Processing: Controlled Ingredient-distribution Mixing. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1985, 25, 729-740.
  •  
  • 28. Gubbels, F.; Blacher, S.; Vanlanthem, E.; Jerome, R.; Deltour, R.; Brouers, F.; Teyssie, P. H.; Design of Electrical Composites: Determining the Role of the Morphology on the Electrical properties on the Carbon Filled Polymer Blend. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 1559-1566.
  •  
  • 29. Raiati, M.; Kalaee, M.; Mazinani, S. Effect of Filler Type and Content on Physical and Mechanical Properties of NR/SBR Nanocomposite Blend. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2017, 90, 751-764.
  •  
  • 30. Wang, K.; Liang, S.; Deng, J. N.; Yang, H.; Zhang, Q.; Fu, Q.; Dong, Q.; Wang, D.; Han, C. C. The Role of Clay Network on Macromolecular Chain Mobility and Relaxation in Isotactic Polypropylene/organoclay Nanocomposites. Polymer 2006, 47, 7131-7144.
  •  
  • 31. Warasitthinon, N.; Robertson, C. G. Interpretation of the tan δ Peak Height for Particle Filled Rubber and Polymer Nano- composites with Relevance to tire Tread Performance Balance. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2018, 91,577-594.
  •  
  • 32. Bandyopadhyay, A.; Thakur, V.; Pradhan, S.; Bhowmick, A. K. Nano Clay Distribution and its Influence on the Mechanical Properties of Rubber Blend. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 115, 1237-1246.
  •  
  • 33. Bose, S.; Bhattacharyya, A. R.; Kulkarni, A. R.; Potschke, P. Electrical, Rheological and Morphological Studies in Co-continuous Blends of Polyamide 6 and Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Melt Blending. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2009, 69, 365-372.
  •  
  • 34. Hiep, N. Q.; Huy, T. H.; Nguyen, P. C.; Sy, D. T.; Khang, D. Q. Preparation and Properties of Rubber Nanocomposites Based on NR/NBR Blend Reinforced with Nanosilica and Carbon Black. Vietnam J. Chem. 2019,57, 213-217.
  •  
  • 35. Otto, S.; Randl, O.; Goncalveset, O.; Cantaloube, B. New Reference Value for the Description of Filler Dispersion with the Dispergrader 1000 NT. Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 2005, 58, 390-393.
  •  
  • 36. Dong, A. N.; Zhiyi, Z.; Haixiang, J.; Jinquan, S.; Huan, Z.; Yaqing, L. Effect of Carbon Black Nature on Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement of NR Vulcanization by Latex Techniques. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2017, 90, 611-620.
  •  
  • 37. Narongthong, J.; Sae-Oui, P.; Sirisinha, C. Effect of Mixing Parameters and Their Interaction on Properties of Carbon Black Filled Styrene-butadiene Rubber.Rubber Chem. Technol. 2018, 91, 521-536.
  •  
  • 38. Rooj, S.; Das, A.; Stockelhuber, K. W.; Wang, D. Y.; Galiatsatos, V.; Heinrich, G.; Understanding the Reinforcing Behavior of Expanded Clay Particles in Natural Rubber Compounds. Soft Matter 2013, 9, 3798-3808.
  •  
  • 39. Das, D.; Satapathy, B. K. Microstructure-rheological Per Location-mechanical Properties Correlations of Melt-processed Poly- propylene-multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nano Composites: Influence of Matrix Tacticity Combination. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2014, 147, 127-140.
  •  
  • Polymer(Korea) 폴리머
  • Frequency : Bimonthly(odd)
    ISSN 0379-153X(Print)
    ISSN 2234-8077(Online)
    Abbr. Polym. Korea
  • 2023 Impact Factor : 0.4
  • Indexed in SCIE

This Article

  • 2021; 45(6): 865-871

    Published online Nov 25, 2021

  • 10.7317/pk.2021.45.6.865
  • Received on Jun 9, 2021
  • Revised on Jul 23, 2021
  • Accepted on Jul 26, 2021

Correspondence to

  • Vaishak Nambiathodi
  • Technical Consultancy Division, Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam, Kerala-686009, India

  • E-mail: siby@rubberboard.org.in